Maternal mental health is therefore part of care during pregnancy and postpartum, yet eludes observation. It is imperative that emotional and psychological well-being in a mother be considered just as vital to the mother's physical health for long-term outcomes of both mother and child. This is even more so when one considers that studies have estimated 10-20% of women suffering from incapacitating mental health issues during pregnancy and post-childbirth.
The most common mental health conditions for expectant and new mothers include prenatal depression, postpartum depression, and anxiety disorders. As much as 7-20 percent of pregnant women are affected by prenatal depression. The symptoms for this condition include being overtly sad, feeling excessively worn out, and having negligible interest in activities that one could have found fun before getting pregnant. More serious than the "baby blues," postpartum depression affects up to 15% of new mothers and can pose a serious complication in a mother's care for her newborn. Only the most prevalent symptoms are mostly reported: extreme mood swings, feelings of worthlessness, and not being able to bond with the baby.
Anxiety disorders are common in both generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and postpartum anxiety. An estimated 6% of pregnant and 10% of postpartum women suffer from anxiety disorders, which manifest as constant worrying, mood irritability, and panic attacks. This not only affects the mother but also entails complications, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and even developmental problems in the child.
Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in the management of maternal mental health. Mental health screening should be an integral part of routine prenatal and postpartum care to enable early detection of symptoms. Women who score highly using these screening tools should be referred to mental health professionals for further assessment and intervention.
Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), is highly effective in treating antenatal and postpartum depression and anxiety. CBT helps in reframing negative thoughts and developing strategies to cope with them. In severe cases, medication may be necessary. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly recommended; they are generally safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Maternal mental health is supported by a system of networks—professional support from physicians or healthcare providers, as well as support from other mothers who may have faced similar challenges. Engaging in a support group, either offline or online, helps create a sense of community and reduces feelings of isolation.
Maternal mental health care includes regular screening, therapy, and a strong support system. Prioritizing mental health helps mothers navigate the challenges of pregnancy and postpartum, ensuring a healthy future for both moms and babies.
